Video: Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas?
2024 Tus sau: Michael Samuels | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 01:44
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (immunoglobins) yog cov protein zoo li Y tsim los ntawm B cells ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los teb rau kis antigens . Txhua tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ib qho paratope uas paub txog ib qho epitope ntawm ib qho antigen , ua yeeb yam zoo li lub xauv thiab qhov tseem ceeb khi txoj haujlwm.
Ib yam nkaus, ua li cas antigens thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cuam tshuam nrog?
Antigen - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob , los yog antigen - tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb kev sib tham nruab nrab tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim los ntawm B hlwb ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb thiab antigens thaum lub sij hawm tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv cov ntshav, cov antigens tshwj xeeb thiab nrog siab affinity khi los ntawm tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim ib antigen - tshuaj tiv thaiv nyuaj.
Ib sab saum toj, yuav ua li cas tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khi ib qho antigen tshwj xeeb? Thaum twg qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke nrog antigens , lawv qhib qhov cascade ntawm cuaj cov protein, hu ua kev sib ntxiv, uas tau nthuav dav hauv daim ntawv tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov ntshav. Ua tiav daim ntawv koom tes nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv , ib zaug lawv tau teb nrog antigen , los pab rhuav tshem cov neeg tawm tsam txawv teb chaws thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub cev.
Yog li ntawd, Antibody ua dab tsi rau antigen?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov duab zoo li Y uas nkag mus antigens , cov neeg ntxeev siab saib ua rau raug mob lossis kis mob rau lub cev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua hauj lwm nrog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los rhuav tshem cov no antigens . Rau txhua yam antigen , muaj hom sib txawv ntawm tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Antigen khi rau qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhov twg?
Cov paratope yog ib feem ntawm ib tshuaj tiv thaiv uas lees paub ib antigen , cov antigen - khi site ib tshuaj tiv thaiv . Nws yog ib cheeb tsam me me (15-22 amino acids) ntawm antibody cov Fv cheeb tsam thiab muaj ib feem ntawm antibody cov hnyav thiab lub teeb saw. Ib feem ntawm qhov antigen qhov uas paratope binds yog npe epitope.
Pom zoo:
Hom ntshav twg muaj ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv A thiab tiv thaiv B hauv lawv cov ntshav?
ABO antigens thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Lub npe ntawm Pawg Ntshav Antigens muaj nyob rau ntawm cov xov tooj liab liab ABO cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim no hauv ntshav Hom O nil anti-A thiab anti-B Hom A A antigen anti-B Type B B antigen anti-A Type AB A thiab B antigens nil
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam yog dab tsi?
Feem ntau, koj yuav xav tau cuam tshuam raws li cov lus qhia lub ntsiab lus cuam tshuam rau qee yam thiab cuam tshuam rau qee yam uas tau cuam tshuam. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam yog li ntawd cov neeg tau pib siv 'cuam tshuam' raws li cov lus piav qhia
Qhov twg ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev ua ke tshuaj tiv thaiv kev yug menyuam?
Qee qhov kev mob tshwm sim - suav nrog xeev siab, mob taub hau, mob lub mis thiab los ntshav - yuav txo qis nrog kev siv txuas ntxiv. Ua ke cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev yug menyuam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qee yam mob, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav. Lawv suav nrog: Cov ntshav txhaws hauv ob txhais ceg
Dab tsi yog yam uas cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen?
Avidity yog kab tias yog qhov qhia paub ntau ntxiv ntawm kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho lossis lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob-antigen complex. Nws yog tswj los ntawm peb yam tseem ceeb: antibody epitope affinity, lub valence ntawm ob qho tib si antigen thiab antibody, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov interacting qhov chaw
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm li cas lawv ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cob qhia lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub thiab tawm tsam cov kab mob, xws li kab mob lossis kab mob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qee cov molecules los ntawm cov kab mob yuav tsum tau nkag rau hauv lub cev kom ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov molecules no hu ua antigens, thiab lawv muaj nyob rau tag nrho cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob