Video: Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khi ib qho antigen tshwj xeeb?
2024 Tus sau: Michael Samuels | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 01:44
Thaum twg qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke nrog antigens , lawv qhib qhov cascade ntawm cuaj cov protein, hu ua kev sib ntxiv, uas tau nthuav dav hauv daim ntawv tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov ntshav. Ua tiav daim ntawv koom tes nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv , ib zaug lawv tau reacted nrog antigen , los pab rhuav tshem cov neeg txawv tebchaws txawv txav thiab tshem lawv tawm ntawm lub cev.
Ib yam li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nug, ua li cas antigen khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Antigen - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kev sib tham, los yog antigen - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog kev tshuaj lom neeg sib cuam tshuam ntawm tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim los ntawm B cells ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb thiab antigens thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv cov ntshav, cov antigens yog tshwj xeeb thiab nrog kev sib raug zoo siab los ntawm tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim ib qho antigen - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nyuaj.
Kuj Paub, qhov twg ntawm antigen khi nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob? Paratope yog ib feem ntawm ib tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas lees paub ib antigen , cov antigen -binding site ntawm ib tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob . Nws yog me me cheeb tsam (15-22 amino acids) ntawm antibody cov Fv cheeb tsam thiab muaj qee qhov ntawm antibody cov hnyav thiab lub teeb saw. Cov ib feem ntawm antigen qhov uas paratope khi hu ua epitope.
Xav txog qhov no, yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khi rau nws lub hom phiaj molecule?
Antibodies zais tom qab khi mus rau ib qho epitope ntawm ib qho antigen tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tib yam lossis zoo ib yam epitopes ntawm cov antigens sib txawv. Hla reactivity tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib khi tsis yog cov antigen uas tau txais nws synthesis thiab tso pa tawm, tab sis a txawv antigen.
Muaj pes tsawg antigens tuaj yeem khi cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob?
Txij li thaum ib tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub paratopes, nws tuaj yeem khi ntau tshaj ib tug antigen los ntawm khi zoo tib yam epitopes nqa rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov no antigens . Los ntawm txheej cov kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv txhawb kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov cell uas paub txog lawv thaj av Fc.
Pom zoo:
Hom ntshav twg muaj ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv A thiab tiv thaiv B hauv lawv cov ntshav?
ABO antigens thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Lub npe ntawm Pawg Ntshav Antigens muaj nyob rau ntawm cov xov tooj liab liab ABO cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim no hauv ntshav Hom O nil anti-A thiab anti-B Hom A A antigen anti-B Type B B antigen anti-A Type AB A thiab B antigens nil
Cov ntsiav tshuaj daim ntawv twg muaj cov txheej tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv lub plab acid thiab ua rau cov tshuaj yaj hauv cov hnyuv?
Cov txheej txheej enteric yog cov txheej txheem polymer siv rau ntawm cov tshuaj hauv qhov ncauj uas tiv thaiv nws txoj kev tawg lossis tsis tawg hauv ib puag ncig lub plab
Cov kev tiv thaiv tsis tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv lub cev li cas?
Lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob no tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv, uas suav nrog cov teeb meem ntawm lub cev xws li tawv nqaij, teeb meem tshuaj lom neeg xws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob tua kab mob uas tsim kev puas tsuaj los yog rhuav tshem cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws, thiab cov cell uas tawm tsam cov cell txawv teb chaws thiab lub cev lub cev muaj cov kab mob sib kis
Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (immunoglobins) yog cov protein zoo li Y tsim los ntawm B hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev teb rau kis rau antigens. Txhua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ib qho paratope uas paub txog ib qho epitope ntawm ib qho antigen, ua zoo li lub xauv thiab qhov tseem ceeb binding mechanism
Kev tiv thaiv dab tsi tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Artificially tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib yam khoom uas muaj antigen. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau cov lus teb thawj zaug tawm tsam antigen yam tsis ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob