Video: Puas rhiab heev thiab qhov tshwj xeeb hloov pauv nrog qhov ua ntej?
2024 Tus sau: Michael Samuels | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 01:44
Zuag qhia tag nrho, tshwj xeeb tau qis dua hauv kev kawm nrog siab dua nthuav dav . Peb pom ib lub koom haum ntau zaus nrog tshwj xeeb tshaj nrog rhiab heev , hais txog qhov sib txawv hauv nthuav dav feem ntau sawv cev kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov pom ntawm tib neeg yam tsis muaj kab mob txaus siab.
Yog li ntawd, qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua rhiab heev lossis tshwj xeeb?
Qhov kev xeem uas siab heev rhiab heev yuav chij yuav luag txhua tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob thiab tsis tsim ntau qhov kev tshwm sim cuav-tsis zoo. Ib yam nkaus, siab tshwj xeeb - thaum qhov kev xeem ua txoj haujlwm zoo ntawm kev txiav txim rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj tus kabmob - feem ntau txhais tau tias qhov kev ntsuas tau qis dua rhiab heev ( ntau tsis tseeb-negatives).
Tom qab, lo lus nug yog, yuav ua li cas tshwm sim rau rhiab heev ntawm prevalence nce? Feem ntau: Nce hauv rhiab heev (qis dua qhov pib txiav tawm qhov tseem ceeb rau +); ntau qhov kev ntsuas tsis raug-zoo (Nco tseg: Qhov no pom tseeb tshaj plaws thaum nthuav dav ntawm lub xeev tus kab mob yog tsawg.)
Qhov thib ob, nws txhais tau li cas yog tias qhov kev xeem nkag siab tab sis tsis tshwj xeeb?
Ib heev kev ntsuas rhiab txhais tau tias qhov ntawd yog ob peb cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo, thiab yog li tsawg tus neeg mob yog nco. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm a xeem yog nws lub peev xwm los xaiv ib qho tus kheej who tsis muaj kab mob raws li qhov tsis zoo. Siab heev kev kuaj tshwj xeeb txhais tau tias qhov ntawd yog ob peb qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim.
Vim li cas qhov rhiab heev thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob?
Rhiab heev yog feem pua ntawm cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob uas tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm tus xeem . Qhov tshwj xeeb yog feem pua ntawm cov tib neeg tsis muaj tus kab mob uas raug cais tawm tsis raug los ntawm xeem . Clinically, cov ntsiab lus no yog tseem ceeb kom paub meej lossis tsis suav nrog kab mob thaum kuaj.
Pom zoo:
Koj xam qhov rhiab heev los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb li cas?
Kev suav xam cuam tshuam Tus nqi cuav (α) = hom I yuam kev = 1 - qhov tshwj xeeb = FP / (FP + TN) = 180 / (180 + 1820) = 9% Tus lej tsis raug cuav (β) = hom II yuam kev = 1 - rhiab heev = FN / (TP + FN) = 10 / (20 + 10) = 33% Hwj chim = rhiab heev = 1 - β
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb zoo thiab rhiab heev?
Feem ntau, cov kev ntsuam xyuas rhiab heev muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tsawg. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv yog qhov zoo rau kev kis tus mob tiag tiag tab sis lawv kuj tuaj nrog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov ua tsis raug. Mammograms yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas uas feem ntau muaj qhov rhiab heev (txog 70-80%) thiab qhov tshwj xeeb tsawg
Lo lus twg siv los piav txog cov hlwb tshwj xeeb uas kuaj pom qhov hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig?
Receptors. Cov txais tos yog pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cell. Lawv tshawb pom qhov kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig (txhawb nqa) thiab txhawb kev siv hluav taws xob los teb
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab rhiab heev hauv kev thim rov qab logistic?
Ob qhov txiaj ntsig no hu ua Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Tshwj Xeeb. Qhov rhiab heev = d/(c+d): Qhov feem ntawm qhov pom zoo uas tau kwv yees tias yuav zoo. Qhov tshwj xeeb = a/(a+b): Kev faib ua feem ntawm qhov tsis pom zoo uas tau kwv yees tias yog qhov tsis zoo
Yuav ua li cas koj xam qhov tseeb ntawm rhiab heev thiab tshwj xeeb?
Qhov tseeb = (rhiab heev) (kis tau tus mob) + (tshwj xeeb) (1 - kis tau tus mob). Tus lej tus lej ntawm qhov raug yog qhov piv txwv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo (qhov tseeb qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo muaj tseeb) hauv cov pej xeem xaiv. Qhov tseeb ntawm 99% ntawm lub sij hawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yog qhov tseeb, tsis hais qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo