Cov txheej txheem:
Video: Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab nws txoj haujlwm yog dab tsi?
2024 Tus sau: Michael Samuels | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 01:44
Antibodies, tseem hu ua immunoglobulins , yog Y-zoo li cov protein uas tau tsim los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom pab nres cov neeg nkag los ntawm kev ua phem rau lub cev. Thaum tus neeg nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib ua haujlwm. Cov neeg ntxeem tau no, uas hu ua antigens, tuaj yeem ua tus kab mob, kab mob , lossis lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg.
Kuj nug, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi?
Ib tshuaj tiv thaiv , tseem paub tias yog immunoglobulin, yog cov protein loj uas zoo li Y tsim los ntawm B-cells thiab siv los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab nruab nrab cov khoom txawv teb chaws xws li cov kab mob thiab kab mob. Tsib isotypes ntawm tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw thiab ua haujlwm sib txawv.
Ntxiv mus, dab tsi yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yooj yim txhais? Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (tseem hu ua immunoglobulins) yog cov loj Y-cov protein uas tuaj yeem lo rau saum cov kab mob thiab kab mob. Lawv pom nyob hauv cov ntshav lossis lwm yam kua hauv lub cev ntawm cov nqaj qaum. Txhua tus tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txawv. Lawv txhua tus tau tsim los tua tsuas yog ib hom antigen (hauv kev coj ua, qhov no txhais tau tias yog tus kab mob lossis kab mob).
Tom qab ntawd, plaub yam haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi?
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog:
- Neutralization ntawm kev kis kab mob,
- Phagocytosis,
- Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC),
- Ua kom tiav-mediated lysis ntawm cov kab mob los yog ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua kom cov kab mob ua kom puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob lysis.
Tsib yam haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus hauv txheej no (5)
- Opsonization. Lawv khi rau saum npoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab thaj tsam Fc cuam tshuam nrog phagocytes ("hu" lawv mus rau qhov chaw kis kab mob)
- Neutralization. Lawv lo rau antigens thiab thaiv lawv qhov chaw txuas.
- Agglutination.
- Antibody nruab nrab cytotoxicity.
- Ua kom tiav.
Pom zoo:
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi?
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub network nyuaj ntawm cov cell thiab cov protein uas tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua tus kab mob (microbe) nws tau swb lawm yog li nws tuaj yeem lees paub thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob sai sai yog tias nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev dua
Agar yog dab tsi siv rau kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob?
Müeller-Hinton agar nquag siv hauv qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob no
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi thiab nws txoj haujlwm yog dab tsi?
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov proteins uas tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua tus kab mob (microbe) nws tau swb lawm yog li nws tuaj yeem lees paub thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob sai sai yog tias nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev dua
Dab tsi yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tam sim?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv tau txhais tias yog cov xwm txheej tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev tso ntshav tag nrho lossis ib qho ntawm nws cov khoom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tso ntshav (mob ntshav tawm tsam) lossis hnub mus rau lub lis piam tom qab (kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua) thiab tej zaum yuav yog immunologic lossis non-immunologic
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm li cas lawv ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cob qhia lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub thiab tawm tsam cov kab mob, xws li kab mob lossis kab mob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qee cov molecules los ntawm cov kab mob yuav tsum tau nkag rau hauv lub cev kom ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov molecules no hu ua antigens, thiab lawv muaj nyob rau tag nrho cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob